/**
 * Global Research Insights - Main Stylesheet
 * A clean, accessible, responsive design with sun-inspired palette
 * 
 * Color Palette:
 * - Primary Orange: #FF9F1C
 * - Secondary Yellow: #FFD166
 * - Accent Green: #2E7D32
 * - Light Green: #4CAF50
 * - Text Dark: #1a1a2e
 * - Text Light: #555555
 * - Background: #FAFAFA
 */

/* ===== CSS CUSTOM PROPERTIES ===== */
:root {
  /* Colors */
  --color-primary: #ff9f1c;
  --color-primary-dark: #e88a00;
  --color-secondary: #ffd166;
  --color-secondary-light: #ffecb3;
  --color-accent: #2e7d32;
  --color-accent-light: #4caf50;
  --color-accent-lighter: #81c784;

  --color-text-dark: #1a1a2e;
  --color-text-medium: #555555;
  --color-text-light: #777777;

  --color-bg-white: #ffffff;
  --color-bg-light: #fafafa;
  --color-bg-warm: #fff8f0;
  --color-bg-green-light: #e8f5e9;

  --color-border: #e0e0e0;
  --color-border-light: #eeeeee;

  --color-error: #d32f2f;
  --color-success: #388e3c;
  --color-warning: #f57c00;
  --color-upcoming: #9e9e9e;

  /* Typography */
  --font-primary: "Poppins", "Segoe UI", system-ui, -apple-system, sans-serif;
  --font-size-xs: 0.75rem;
  --font-size-sm: 0.875rem;
  --font-size-base: 1rem;
  --font-size-lg: 1.125rem;
  --font-size-xl: 1.25rem;
  --font-size-2xl: 1.5rem;
  --font-size-3xl: 2rem;
  --font-size-4xl: 2.5rem;

  /* Spacing */
  --spacing-xs: 0.25rem;
  --spacing-sm: 0.5rem;
  --spacing-md: 1rem;
  --spacing-lg: 1.5rem;
  --spacing-xl: 2rem;
  --spacing-2xl: 3rem;
  --spacing-3xl: 4rem;

  /* Layout */
  --max-width: 1200px;
  --header-height: 70px;
  --border-radius: 8px;
  --border-radius-lg: 12px;

  /* Shadows */
  --shadow-sm: 0 1px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
  --shadow-md: 0 4px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
  --shadow-lg: 0 8px 24px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12);
  --shadow-xl: 0 12px 40px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);

  /* Transitions */
  --transition-fast: 150ms ease;
  --transition-normal: 250ms ease;
  --transition-slow: 350ms ease;
}

/* ===== RESET & BASE STYLES ===== */
*,
*::before,
*::after {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

html {
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
  font-size: 16px;
}

body {
  font-family: var(--font-primary);
  font-size: var(--font-size-base);
  line-height: 1.6;
  color: var(--color-text-dark);
  background-color: var(--color-bg-light);
  min-height: 100vh;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
}

/* Focus styles for accessibility */
:focus-visible {
  outline: 3px solid var(--color-accent);
  outline-offset: 2px;
}

/* Skip link for accessibility */
.skip-link {
  position: absolute;
  top: -100%;
  left: var(--spacing-md);
  padding: var(--spacing-sm) var(--spacing-md);
  background: var(--color-accent);
  color: white;
  text-decoration: none;
  border-radius: var(--border-radius);
  z-index: 10000;
  font-weight: 600;
}

.skip-link:focus {
  top: var(--spacing-md);
}

/* ===== TYPOGRAPHY ===== */
h1,
h2,
h3,
h4,
h5,
h6 {
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.3;
  color: var(--color-text-dark);
}

h1 {
  font-size: var(--font-size-4xl);
  letter-spacing: -0.03em;
  line-height: 1.2;
}
h2 {
  font-size: var(--font-size-3xl);
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  line-height: 1.25;
}
h3 {
  font-size: var(--font-size-2xl);
}
h4 {
  font-size: var(--font-size-xl);
}
h5 {
  font-size: var(--font-size-lg);
}
h6 {
  font-size: var(--font-size-base);
}

p {
  margin-bottom: var(--spacing-md);
}

a {
  color: var(--color-accent);
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: color var(--transition-fast);
}

a:hover {
  color: var(--color-accent-light);
  text-decoration: underline;
}

img {
  max-width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  display: block;
}

/* ===== UTILITY CLASSES ===== */
.container {
  width: 100%;
  max-width: var(--max-width);
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0 var(--spacing-md);
}

.visually-hidden {
  position: absolute;
  width: 1px;
  height: 1px;
  padding: 0;
  margin: -1px;
  overflow: hidden;
  clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0);
  white-space: nowrap;
  border: 0;
}

/* ===== HEADER & NAVIGATION ===== */
.site-header {
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
  z-index: 1000;
  background: linear-gradient(
    135deg,
    var(--color-primary) 0%,
    var(--color-secondary) 100%
  );
  box-shadow: 0 2px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1), 0 4px 24px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
  backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
}

.header-container {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  height: var(--header-height);
  padding: 0 var(--spacing-lg);
  max-width: var(--max-width);
  margin: 0 auto;
}

.logo-link {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: transform var(--transition-fast);
  padding: var(--spacing-xs);
  border-radius: var(--border-radius);
}

.logo-link:hover {
  transform: scale(1.05);
}

.logo-link:focus-visible {
  outline: 2px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8);
  outline-offset: 4px;
}

.logo {
  height: 120px; /* default desktop size (larger) */
  width: auto;
  transition: transform var(--transition-fast);
}

.logo-link:hover .logo {
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}

/* Main Navigation */
.main-nav {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
}

.nav-list {
  display: flex;
  list-style: none;
  gap: var(--spacing-sm);
  align-items: center;
}

.nav-item {
  position: relative;
}

.nav-link {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: var(--spacing-xs);
  padding: var(--spacing-sm) var(--spacing-lg);
  color: var(--color-text-dark);
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: var(--font-size-base);
  text-decoration: none;
  border-radius: var(--border-radius);
  transition: all var(--transition-normal);
  outline: none;
}

.nav-link:hover {
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25);
  text-decoration: none;
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}

.nav-link:focus-visible {
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3);
  box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
}

.nav-link:active {
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.35);
  transform: translateY(0);
}

.nav-link.active,
.nav-link[aria-current="page"] {
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.35);
  font-weight: 700;
}

/* Dropdown arrow icon */
.nav-link .dropdown-icon {
  width: 12px;
  height: 12px;
  transition: transform var(--transition-fast);
}

.nav-item:hover .dropdown-icon,
.nav-item:focus-within .dropdown-icon {
  transform: rotate(180deg);
}

/* Dropdown Menu */
.dropdown-menu {
  position: absolute;
  top: calc(100% + 8px);
  left: 0;
  min-width: 220px;
  background: var(--color-bg-white);
  border-radius: var(--border-radius-lg);
  box-shadow: 0 8px 32px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12), 0 2px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
  opacity: 0;
  visibility: hidden;
  transform: translateY(-8px);
  transition: all var(--transition-normal);
  list-style: none;
  padding: var(--spacing-sm) 0;
  z-index: 100;
  border: 1px solid var(--color-border-light);
}

.nav-item:hover .dropdown-menu,
.nav-item:focus-within .dropdown-menu {
  opacity: 1;
  visibility: visible;
  transform: translateY(0);
}

.dropdown-link {
  display: block;
  padding: var(--spacing-md) var(--spacing-lg);
  padding-left: calc(var(--spacing-lg) + 8px);
  color: var(--color-text-dark);
  font-size: var(--font-size-base);
  font-weight: 500;
  transition: all var(--transition-fast);
  outline: none;
  position: relative;
}

.dropdown-link::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  left: var(--spacing-lg);
  top: 50%;
  transform: translateY(-50%);
  width: 4px;
  height: 0;
  background: var(--color-accent);
  border-radius: 2px;
  transition: height var(--transition-fast);
}

.dropdown-link:hover {
  background: var(--color-bg-green-light);
  color: var(--color-accent);
  text-decoration: none;
  padding-left: calc(var(--spacing-lg) + 12px);
}

.dropdown-link:hover::before {
  height: 20px;
}

.dropdown-link:focus-visible {
  background: var(--color-bg-green-light);
  box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 2px var(--color-accent);
}

/* Mobile Menu Toggle */
.menu-toggle {
  display: none;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
  width: 44px;
  height: 44px;
  background: transparent;
  border: 1px solid transparent;
  border-radius: var(--border-radius);
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: all var(--transition-normal);
  gap: 5px;
}

.menu-toggle:hover {
  background: transparent;
  border-color: transparent;
  transform: scale(1.03);
}

.menu-toggle:focus-visible {
  outline: 2px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8);
  outline-offset: 2px;
}

.menu-toggle[aria-expanded="true"] {
  background: transparent;
  border-color: transparent;
}

.menu-toggle span {
  display: block;
  width: 22px;
  height: 2.5px;
  background: var(--color-text-dark);
  border-radius: 2px;
  transition: all var(--transition-normal);
}

.menu-toggle[aria-expanded="true"] span:nth-child(1) {
  transform: rotate(45deg) translate(5px, 5px);
}

.menu-toggle[aria-expanded="true"] span:nth-child(2) {
  opacity: 0;
}

.menu-toggle[aria-expanded="true"] span:nth-child(3) {
  transform: rotate(-45deg) translate(5px, -5px);
}

/* ===== MAIN CONTENT ===== */
main {
  flex: 1;
}

.page-section {
  padding: calc(var(--spacing-3xl) + var(--spacing-lg)) 0;
  position: relative;
}

.page-section:first-of-type {
  padding-top: var(--spacing-3xl);
}

.page-section + .page-section::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: 50%;
  transform: translateX(-50%);
  width: 80px;
  height: 3px;
  background: linear-gradient(
    90deg,
    transparent,
    var(--color-accent-lighter),
    transparent
  );
}

/* Remove separator from homepage */
main#main-content .page-section + .page-section::before {
  display: none;
}

.page-section.no-separator::before {
  display: none;
}

.section-header {
  text-align: center;
  margin-bottom: calc(var(--spacing-2xl) + var(--spacing-lg));
  padding: 0 var(--spacing-lg);
}

.section-title {
  margin-bottom: var(--spacing-lg);
  color: var(--color-accent);
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  line-height: 1.2;
}

.section-subtitle {
  color: var(--color-text-medium);
  font-size: var(--font-size-lg);
  font-weight: 400;
  line-height: 1.75;
  max-width: 720px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  letter-spacing: 0.01em;
  padding: 0 var(--spacing-md);
}

/* Content Block Styling */
.content-block {
  max-width: 800px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0 var(--spacing-md);
}

.content-block p {
  font-size: var(--font-size-base);
  line-height: 1.85;
  color: var(--color-text-dark);
  margin-bottom: var(--spacing-xl);
  letter-spacing: 0.01em;
  /* Optimal line length: 45-75 characters */
  max-width: 100%;
}

.content-block p:last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

/* Ensure first paragraph has same font-size as all others - explicit override */
.content-block p:first-of-type {
  font-size: var(--font-size-base);
  line-height: 1.85;
  color: var(--color-text-dark);
  font-weight: 400;
}

.content-block > div {
  margin-top: var(--spacing-2xl);
}

.content-block[style*="text-align: center"] {
  padding: 0 var(--spacing-lg);
}

/* ===== HERO SECTION ===== */
.hero {
  background: var(--color-bg-warm);
  padding: calc(var(--spacing-3xl) + var(--spacing-xl)) 0 var(--spacing-3xl);
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.hero::before,
.hero::after {
  display: none;
}

.hero-content {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
  max-width: 900px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  text-align: center;
  padding: 0 var(--spacing-md);
}

.hero-title {
  font-size: clamp(2.25rem, 6vw, 3.5rem);
  margin-bottom: var(--spacing-lg);
  /* Rich amber - warm and bold */
  color: #d4941f;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: -0.03em;
  line-height: 1.15;
  letter-spacing: -0.03em;
  line-height: 1.2;
  max-width: 850px;
  margin-left: auto;
  margin-right: auto;
}

.hero-description {
  font-size: clamp(var(--font-size-base), 2vw, var(--font-size-xl));
  color: var(--color-text-dark);
  margin-bottom: var(--spacing-2xl);
  line-height: 1.75;
  max-width: 750px;
  letter-spacing: 0.01em;
  font-weight: 400;
  margin-left: auto;
  margin-right: auto;
}

.hero-cta {
  display: flex;
  gap: var(--spacing-lg);
  justify-content: center;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  margin-top: var(--spacing-2xl);
}

/* ===== BUTTONS ===== */
.btn {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: var(--spacing-sm);
  padding: var(--spacing-sm) var(--spacing-xl);
  font-family: var(--font-primary);
  font-size: var(--font-size-base);
  font-weight: 600;
  text-decoration: none;
  border-radius: var(--border-radius);
  border: 2px solid transparent;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: all var(--transition-normal);
  min-height: 44px;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.btn-primary {
  background: linear-gradient(
    135deg,
    var(--color-primary) 0%,
    var(--color-primary-dark) 100%
  );
  color: var(--color-text-dark);
  border-color: var(--color-primary);
}

.btn-primary:hover,
.btn-primary:focus {
  background: linear-gradient(
    135deg,
    var(--color-secondary) 0%,
    var(--color-primary) 100%
  );
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.btn-primary:active {
  transform: translateY(0);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
}

.btn-secondary {
  background: var(--color-accent);
  color: white;
  border-color: var(--color-accent);
}

.btn-secondary:hover,
.btn-secondary:focus {
  background: var(--color-accent-light);
  border-color: var(--color-accent-light);
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
  text-decoration: none;
  color: white;
}

.btn-secondary:active {
  transform: translateY(0);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
}

.btn-outline {
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--color-accent);
  border-color: var(--color-accent);
}

.btn-outline:hover,
.btn-outline:focus {
  background: var(--color-accent);
  color: white;
  text-decoration: none;
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
}

.btn-outline:active {
  transform: translateY(0);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
}

/* ===== FEATURES GRID ===== */
.features {
  background: var(--color-bg-white);
}

.features-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(280px, 1fr));
  gap: var(--spacing-xl);
}

.feature-card {
  padding: var(--spacing-xl);
  background: var(--color-bg-white);
  border-radius: var(--border-radius-lg);
  text-align: center;
  border: 1px solid var(--color-border-light);
  transition: transform var(--transition-normal),
    box-shadow var(--transition-normal), border-color var(--transition-normal);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
}

.feature-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-5px);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
  border-color: var(--color-accent-lighter);
}

.feature-icon {
  width: 64px;
  height: 64px;
  margin: 0 auto var(--spacing-md);
  background: linear-gradient(
    135deg,
    var(--color-primary) 0%,
    var(--color-secondary) 100%
  );
  border-radius: 50%;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(255, 159, 28, 0.3);
  transition: transform var(--transition-normal),
    box-shadow var(--transition-normal);
}

.feature-card:hover .feature-icon {
  transform: scale(1.1);
  box-shadow: 0 6px 16px rgba(255, 159, 28, 0.4);
}

.feature-icon img {
  width: 32px;
  height: 32px;
  filter: brightness(0) invert(1);
}

.feature-title {
  margin-bottom: var(--spacing-md);
  color: var(--color-accent);
  font-size: var(--font-size-xl);
  font-weight: 600;
}

.feature-description {
  color: var(--color-text-dark);
  font-size: var(--font-size-base);
  line-height: 1.6;
  margin-bottom: 0;
  font-weight: 400;
}

/* ===== PUBLICATIONS PAGE ===== */
.publications-header {
  background: linear-gradient(
    135deg,
    var(--color-bg-warm) 0%,
    var(--color-bg-white) 100%
  );
  padding: var(--spacing-2xl) 0;
  text-align: center;
}

/* Reduce top padding for publications content section */
.publications-header + .page-section {
  padding-top: var(--spacing-lg);
}

/* Country Tabs */
.country-tabs {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: var(--spacing-sm);
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  margin-top: var(--spacing-lg);
  padding: var(--spacing-sm);
  background: var(--color-bg-white);
  border-radius: var(--border-radius-lg);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
}

.country-tab {
  padding: var(--spacing-sm) var(--spacing-lg);
  background: transparent;
  border: 2px solid var(--color-border);
  border-radius: var(--border-radius);
  font-family: var(--font-primary);
  font-size: var(--font-size-sm);
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--color-text-medium);
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: all var(--transition-fast);
  min-height: 44px;
}

.country-tab:hover {
  border-color: var(--color-primary);
  color: var(--color-primary);
}

.country-tab.active,
.country-tab[aria-selected="true"] {
  background: linear-gradient(
    135deg,
    var(--color-primary) 0%,
    var(--color-secondary) 100%
  );
  border-color: var(--color-primary);
  color: var(--color-text-dark);
  font-weight: 600;
}

/* Search & Filter */
.publications-controls {
  display: flex;
  gap: var(--spacing-md);
  justify-content: center;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  margin: var(--spacing-md) 0 var(--spacing-xl);
}

.search-box {
  position: relative;
  flex: 1;
  max-width: 400px;
}

.search-input {
  width: 100%;
  padding: var(--spacing-sm) var(--spacing-lg);
  padding-left: 44px;
  border: 2px solid var(--color-border);
  border-radius: var(--border-radius);
  font-family: var(--font-primary);
  font-size: var(--font-size-base);
  transition: border-color var(--transition-fast);
  min-height: 44px;
}

.search-input:focus {
  border-color: var(--color-accent);
  outline: none;
}

.search-icon {
  position: absolute;
  left: var(--spacing-md);
  top: 50%;
  transform: translateY(-50%);
  color: var(--color-text-light);
  pointer-events: none;
}

/* Publications Grid */
.publications-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(320px, 1fr));
  gap: var(--spacing-xl);
  padding: var(--spacing-xl) 0;
}

/* Publication Card */
.publication-card {
  background: var(--color-bg-white);
  border-radius: var(--border-radius-lg);
  overflow: hidden;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
  transition: transform var(--transition-normal),
    box-shadow var(--transition-normal), border-color var(--transition-normal);
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  border: 1px solid var(--color-border-light);
}

.publication-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-5px) scale(1.01);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
  border-color: var(--color-accent-lighter);
}

.publication-card:active {
  transform: translateY(-2px) scale(1.005);
}

.publication-card.upcoming {
  opacity: 0.7;
  border: 2px dashed var(--color-upcoming);
}

.publication-thumbnail {
  width: 100%;
  height: 180px;
  object-fit: cover;
  background: linear-gradient(
    135deg,
    var(--color-secondary-light) 0%,
    var(--color-bg-green-light) 100%
  );
}

.publication-content {
  padding: var(--spacing-lg);
  flex: 1;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
}

.publication-meta {
  display: flex;
  gap: var(--spacing-sm);
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  margin-bottom: var(--spacing-sm);
}

.publication-badge {
  display: inline-block;
  padding: var(--spacing-xs) var(--spacing-sm);
  font-size: var(--font-size-xs);
  font-weight: 600;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.5px;
  border-radius: 4px;
}

.badge-published {
  background: var(--color-bg-green-light);
  color: var(--color-accent);
}

.badge-upcoming {
  background: #f5f5f5;
  color: var(--color-upcoming);
}

.badge-warning {
  background: #fff3e0;
  color: var(--color-warning);
}

.publication-title {
  font-size: var(--font-size-lg);
  margin-bottom: var(--spacing-sm);
  line-height: 1.4;
}

.publication-title a {
  color: #333333;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: color var(--transition-fast);
}

.publication-title a:hover {
  color: var(--color-accent);
}

.publication-authors {
  font-size: var(--font-size-sm);
  color: var(--color-text-medium);
  margin-bottom: var(--spacing-md);
  font-weight: 500;
  font-style: italic;
}

.publication-summary {
  font-size: var(--font-size-base);
  color: var(--color-text-dark);
  line-height: 1.7;
  flex: 1;
  margin-bottom: var(--spacing-md);
}

.publication-footer {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
  padding-top: var(--spacing-md);
  margin-top: var(--spacing-md);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--color-border-light);
}

.publication-date {
  font-size: var(--font-size-xs);
  color: var(--color-text-light);
}

.read-more-btn {
  padding: var(--spacing-xs) var(--spacing-md);
  font-size: var(--font-size-sm);
}

/* Upcoming Section */
.upcoming-section {
  background: var(--color-bg-light);
  padding: var(--spacing-2xl) 0;
  margin-top: var(--spacing-xl);
}

.upcoming-section .section-title {
  color: var(--color-text-medium);
}

/* ===== MODAL ===== */
.modal-overlay {
  position: fixed;
  inset: 0;
  background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  padding: var(--spacing-md);
  z-index: 2000;
  opacity: 0;
  visibility: hidden;
  transition: opacity var(--transition-normal),
    visibility var(--transition-normal);
}

.modal-overlay.active {
  opacity: 1;
  visibility: visible;
}

.modal {
  background: var(--color-bg-white);
  border-radius: var(--border-radius-lg);
  max-width: 800px;
  width: 100%;
  max-height: 90vh;
  overflow-y: auto;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-xl);
  transform: scale(0.9);
  transition: transform var(--transition-normal);
}

.modal-overlay.active .modal {
  transform: scale(1);
}

.modal-header {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: flex-start;
  padding: var(--spacing-xl);
  background: linear-gradient(
    135deg,
    var(--color-bg-warm) 0%,
    var(--color-bg-white) 100%
  );
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border-light);
}

.modal-title {
  font-size: var(--font-size-2xl);
  padding-right: var(--spacing-lg);
}

.modal-close {
  width: 44px;
  height: 44px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  background: var(--color-bg-light);
  border: none;
  border-radius: 50%;
  font-size: 24px;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: background var(--transition-fast);
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.modal-close:hover {
  background: var(--color-border);
}

.modal-body {
  padding: var(--spacing-xl);
}

.modal-meta {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: var(--spacing-lg);
  margin-bottom: var(--spacing-lg);
  padding-bottom: var(--spacing-lg);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border-light);
}

.modal-meta-item {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: var(--spacing-xs);
}

.modal-meta-label {
  font-size: var(--font-size-xs);
  color: var(--color-text-light);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 1px;
}

.modal-meta-value {
  font-size: var(--font-size-sm);
  color: var(--color-text-dark);
  font-weight: 500;
}

.modal-content h4 {
  margin-bottom: var(--spacing-sm);
  color: var(--color-accent);
}

.modal-content p {
  color: var(--color-text-medium);
  line-height: 1.7;
}

.modal-footer {
  display: flex;
  gap: var(--spacing-md);
  justify-content: flex-end;
  padding: var(--spacing-lg) var(--spacing-xl);
  background: var(--color-bg-light);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--color-border-light);
}

/* ===== CONTACT PAGE ===== */
.contact-section {
  background: var(--color-bg-white);
}

.contact-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  gap: var(--spacing-2xl);
  align-items: start;
}

.contact-info h3 {
  color: var(--color-accent);
  margin-bottom: var(--spacing-md);
}

.contact-info p {
  color: var(--color-text-medium);
}

.contact-methods {
  margin-top: var(--spacing-xl);
}

.contact-method {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: var(--spacing-md);
  padding: var(--spacing-md) 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border-light);
}

.contact-method:last-child {
  border-bottom: none;
}

.contact-method-icon {
  width: 48px;
  height: 48px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  background: linear-gradient(
    135deg,
    var(--color-accent) 0%,
    var(--color-accent-light) 100%
  );
  border-radius: 50%;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.contact-method-icon img {
  width: 24px;
  height: 24px;
  filter: brightness(0) invert(1);
}

.contact-method-text {
  font-size: var(--font-size-sm);
}

.contact-method-text strong {
  display: block;
  color: var(--color-text-dark);
}

.contact-method-text span,
.contact-method-text a {
  color: var(--color-text-medium);
}

/* Contact Form */
.contact-form {
  background: var(--color-bg-light);
  padding: var(--spacing-xl);
  border-radius: var(--border-radius-lg);
}

.form-group {
  margin-bottom: var(--spacing-lg);
}

.form-label {
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: var(--spacing-sm);
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--color-text-dark);
}

.form-label .required {
  color: var(--color-error);
}

.form-input,
.form-textarea,
.form-select {
  width: 100%;
  padding: var(--spacing-sm) var(--spacing-md);
  border: 2px solid var(--color-border);
  border-radius: var(--border-radius);
  font-family: var(--font-primary);
  font-size: var(--font-size-base);
  transition: border-color var(--transition-fast);
  min-height: 44px;
}

.form-input:focus,
.form-textarea:focus,
.form-select:focus {
  border-color: var(--color-accent);
  outline: none;
}

.form-input.error,
.form-textarea.error {
  border-color: var(--color-error);
}

.form-textarea {
  min-height: 150px;
  resize: vertical;
}

.form-error {
  display: none;
  color: var(--color-error);
  font-size: var(--font-size-sm);
  margin-top: var(--spacing-xs);
}

.form-group.has-error .form-error {
  display: block;
}

.form-success {
  display: none;
  padding: var(--spacing-lg);
  background: var(--color-bg-green-light);
  color: var(--color-success);
  border-radius: var(--border-radius);
  margin-bottom: var(--spacing-lg);
}

.form-success.show {
  display: block;
}

.form-note {
  font-size: var(--font-size-sm);
  color: var(--color-text-light);
  margin-top: var(--spacing-md);
}

/* ===== FAQ ACCORDION ===== */
.faq-accordion {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: var(--spacing-md);
}

.faq-item {
  background: var(--color-bg-white);
  border: 1px solid var(--color-border-light);
  border-radius: var(--border-radius-lg);
  overflow: hidden;
  transition: border-color var(--transition-normal),
    box-shadow var(--transition-normal);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
}

.faq-item:hover {
  border-color: var(--color-border);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
}

.faq-item.active {
  border-color: var(--color-accent);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
}

.faq-question {
  width: 100%;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  padding: var(--spacing-lg);
  background: transparent;
  border: none;
  text-align: left;
  cursor: pointer;
  font-family: var(--font-primary);
  font-size: var(--font-size-lg);
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--color-text-dark);
  transition: background-color var(--transition-fast),
    color var(--transition-fast);
  gap: var(--spacing-md);
  position: relative;
}

.faq-question:hover {
  background: var(--color-bg-light);
  color: var(--color-text-dark);
}

.faq-question:focus-visible {
  outline: none;
  background: var(--color-bg-light);
  box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 2px var(--color-accent);
}

.faq-question:active {
  background: var(--color-bg-light);
}

.faq-question span {
  flex: 1;
}

.faq-icon {
  width: 20px;
  height: 20px;
  flex-shrink: 0;
  color: var(--color-text-medium);
  transition: transform 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1),
    color var(--transition-fast);
  transform: rotate(0deg);
  will-change: transform;
}

.faq-item.active .faq-icon {
  transform: rotate(180deg);
  color: var(--color-accent);
}

.faq-answer {
  max-height: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  opacity: 0;
  transition: max-height 0.35s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1),
    opacity 0.35s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);
  background: var(--color-bg-white);
  will-change: max-height, opacity;
}

.faq-item.active .faq-answer {
  opacity: 1;
}

.faq-answer-content {
  padding: 0 var(--spacing-lg) var(--spacing-lg);
  color: var(--color-text-dark);
  line-height: 1.7;
  transform: translateY(-6px);
  transition: transform 0.35s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1),
    opacity 0.35s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);
  opacity: 0;
}

.faq-item.active .faq-answer-content {
  transform: translateY(0);
  opacity: 1;
}

.faq-answer-content p {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: var(--font-size-base);
  color: var(--color-text-dark);
}

/* ===== SUBSCRIBE SECTION ===== */
.subscribe-section {
  background: linear-gradient(
    135deg,
    var(--color-accent) 0%,
    var(--color-accent-light) 100%
  );
  padding: var(--spacing-2xl) 0;
  text-align: center;
}

.subscribe-section .section-title {
  color: white;
}

.subscribe-section .section-subtitle {
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9);
}

.subscribe-form {
  display: flex;
  gap: var(--spacing-sm);
  justify-content: center;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  max-width: 500px;
  margin: var(--spacing-lg) auto 0;
}

.subscribe-input {
  flex: 1;
  min-width: 250px;
  padding: var(--spacing-sm) var(--spacing-lg);
  border: 2px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3);
  border-radius: var(--border-radius);
  font-family: var(--font-primary);
  font-size: var(--font-size-base);
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9);
  min-height: 44px;
}

.subscribe-input:focus {
  border-color: white;
  outline: none;
}

.subscribe-btn {
  background: var(--color-secondary);
  color: var(--color-text-dark);
  border-color: var(--color-secondary);
}

.subscribe-btn:hover {
  background: linear-gradient(
    135deg,
    var(--color-secondary) 0%,
    var(--color-primary) 100%
  );
  border-color: var(--color-primary);
  color: var(--color-text-dark);
}

/* ===== ADMIN VIEW ===== */
.admin-view {
  background: var(--color-bg-white);
  padding: var(--spacing-xl);
  border-radius: var(--border-radius-lg);
  margin: var(--spacing-xl) 0;
  border: 3px solid var(--color-warning);
}

.admin-view h3 {
  color: var(--color-warning);
  margin-bottom: var(--spacing-lg);
}

.admin-table {
  width: 100%;
  border-collapse: collapse;
  font-size: var(--font-size-sm);
}

.admin-table th,
.admin-table td {
  padding: var(--spacing-sm) var(--spacing-md);
  text-align: left;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border-light);
}

.admin-table th {
  background: var(--color-bg-light);
  font-weight: 600;
}

.admin-table tr:hover {
  background: var(--color-bg-light);
}

.status-published {
  color: var(--color-success);
}

.status-upcoming {
  color: var(--color-upcoming);
}

.status-invalid {
  color: var(--color-error);
}

/* ===== FOOTER ===== */
.site-footer {
  background: var(--color-text-dark);
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8);
  padding: var(--spacing-2xl) 0 var(--spacing-lg);
}

.footer-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(200px, 1fr));
  gap: var(--spacing-xl);
  margin-bottom: var(--spacing-xl);
}

.footer-section h4 {
  color: var(--color-secondary);
  margin-bottom: var(--spacing-md);
  font-size: var(--font-size-base);
}

.footer-section p {
  font-size: var(--font-size-sm);
  margin-bottom: var(--spacing-sm);
}

.footer-section ul {
  list-style: none;
}

.footer-section li {
  margin-bottom: var(--spacing-sm);
}

.footer-section a {
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8);
  font-size: var(--font-size-sm);
  transition: color var(--transition-fast);
}

.footer-section a:hover {
  color: var(--color-secondary);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.footer-logo {
  height: 120px; /* default desktop size, matches header logo */
  width: auto;
  margin-bottom: var(--spacing-xs); /* further reduced gap above tagline */
}

.footer-bottom {
  text-align: center;
  padding-top: var(--spacing-lg);
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
  font-size: var(--font-size-sm);
}

/* ===== RESPONSIVE DESIGN ===== */

/* Large Desktop (optimize line length) */
@media (min-width: 1400px) {
  .content-block {
    max-width: 850px;
  }

  .section-subtitle {
    max-width: 780px;
  }

  .hero-description {
    max-width: 800px;
  }
}

/* Tablet */
@media (max-width: 1024px) {
  :root {
    --header-height: 88px;
  }

  .logo {
    height: 100px;
  }

  .footer-logo {
    height: 100px;
  }

  .contact-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  /* Typography adjustments for tablet */
  .section-title {
    font-size: clamp(1.75rem, 4vw, 2rem);
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-md);
  }

  .section-subtitle {
    font-size: var(--font-size-base);
    max-width: 640px;
    line-height: 1.7;
    padding: 0 var(--spacing-lg);
  }

  .content-block {
    max-width: 700px;
    padding: 0 var(--spacing-lg);
  }

  .content-block p {
    font-size: var(--font-size-base);
    line-height: 1.8;
  }

  .section-header {
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-2xl);
    padding: 0 var(--spacing-lg);
  }

  .page-section {
    padding: calc(var(--spacing-2xl) + var(--spacing-md)) 0;
  }
}

/* Mobile */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
  :root {
    --font-size-4xl: 2rem;
    --font-size-3xl: 1.5rem;
    --header-height: 72px;
  }

  .header-container {
    padding: 0 var(--spacing-md);
    align-items: center;
  }

  .logo,
  .footer-logo {
    height: 72px;
  }

  .logo-link {
    align-items: center;
  }

  .menu-toggle {
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
  }

  .menu-toggle {
    display: flex;
  }

  .main-nav {
    position: fixed;
    top: var(--header-height);
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    background: linear-gradient(
      135deg,
      var(--color-primary) 0%,
      var(--color-secondary) 100%
    );
    padding: var(--spacing-xl) var(--spacing-lg);
    box-shadow: 0 8px 32px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);
    transform: translateY(-100%);
    opacity: 0;
    visibility: hidden;
    transition: all var(--transition-normal);
    backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
    border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
    max-height: calc(100vh - var(--header-height));
    overflow-y: auto;
  }

  .main-nav.active {
    transform: translateY(0);
    opacity: 1;
    visibility: visible;
  }

  .nav-list {
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: var(--spacing-xs);
    width: 100%;
  }

  .nav-link {
    padding: var(--spacing-md) var(--spacing-lg);
    justify-content: space-between;
    width: 100%;
    border-radius: var(--border-radius-lg);
    font-size: var(--font-size-base);
  }

  .nav-link::after {
    display: none;
  }

  .dropdown-menu {
    position: static;
    opacity: 1;
    visibility: visible;
    transform: none;
    box-shadow: none;
    background: transparent;
    padding: 0;
    max-height: 0;
    overflow: hidden;
    transition: max-height var(--transition-normal),
      padding var(--transition-fast), background-color var(--transition-fast);
  }

  .nav-item.open .dropdown-menu {
    max-height: 500px;
    padding: var(--spacing-xs) 0 var(--spacing-xs) var(--spacing-lg);
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);
  }

  .dropdown-link {
    color: var(--color-text-dark);
  }

  .dropdown-link:hover {
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);
  }

  .hero {
    padding: calc(var(--spacing-2xl) + var(--spacing-lg)) 0 var(--spacing-2xl);
    background: var(--color-bg-warm) !important;
  }

  .hero::before,
  .hero::after {
    display: none;
  }

  .hero-content {
    padding: 0 var(--spacing-sm);
  }

  .hero-title {
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-lg);
  }

  .hero-description {
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-xl);
    padding: 0 var(--spacing-md);
    font-size: clamp(var(--font-size-sm), 2.5vw, var(--font-size-base));
    line-height: 1.7;
  }

  .hero-cta {
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: stretch;
    gap: var(--spacing-md);
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 400px;
    margin-left: auto;
    margin-right: auto;
  }

  /* Mobile typography and spacing improvements */
  .section-title {
    font-size: clamp(1.75rem, 6vw, 2rem);
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-md);
    line-height: 1.25;
    letter-spacing: -0.015em;
  }

  .section-subtitle {
    font-size: var(--font-size-base);
    line-height: 1.65;
    max-width: 100%;
    padding: 0 var(--spacing-md);
    margin-bottom: 0;
  }

  .section-header {
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-xl);
    padding: 0 var(--spacing-md);
  }

  .page-section {
    padding: var(--spacing-2xl) 0;
  }

  .content-block {
    max-width: 100%;
    padding: 0 var(--spacing-md);
  }

  .content-block p {
    font-size: var(--font-size-base);
    line-height: 1.75;
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-lg);
    letter-spacing: 0;
  }

  .container {
    padding: 0 var(--spacing-md);
  }

  .hero-cta .btn {
    width: 100%;
    justify-content: center;
  }

  .publications-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .country-tabs {
    flex-direction: column;
  }

  .modal {
    margin: var(--spacing-sm);
    max-width: 95vw;
    width: 100%;
    max-height: calc(100vh - var(--spacing-lg));
  }

  .modal-overlay {
    padding: var(--spacing-sm);
  }

  .modal-header {
    padding: var(--spacing-lg);
  }

  .modal-body {
    padding: var(--spacing-lg);
  }

  .modal-footer {
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: var(--spacing-sm);
  }

  .modal-footer .btn {
    width: 100%;
  }

  .admin-table {
    font-size: var(--font-size-xs);
  }

  .admin-table th,
  .admin-table td {
    padding: var(--spacing-xs) var(--spacing-sm);
  }
}

/* Small mobile */
@media (max-width: 320px) {
  :root {
    --spacing-lg: 1rem;
    --spacing-xl: 1.5rem;
  }

  .container {
    padding: 0 var(--spacing-sm);
  }

  .publication-card {
    margin: 0 calc(-1 * var(--spacing-sm));
    border-radius: 0;
  }

  .section-title {
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-sm);
  }

  .section-subtitle {
    font-size: 0.9375rem;
    line-height: 1.6;
    padding: 0 var(--spacing-sm);
  }

  .content-block {
    padding: 0 var(--spacing-sm);
  }

  .content-block p {
    font-size: 0.9375rem;
    line-height: 1.7;
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-md);
  }

  .logo {
    height: 64px;
  }

  .footer-logo {
    height: 64px;
  }

  .hero-title {
    font-size: clamp(1.75rem, 8vw, 2.25rem);
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-md);
  }

  .hero-description {
    font-size: 0.9375rem;
    line-height: 1.65;
  }

  .section-header {
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-lg);
    padding: 0 var(--spacing-sm);
  }

  .page-section {
    padding: var(--spacing-xl) 0;
  }
}

/* Print styles */
@media print {
  .site-header,
  .site-footer,
  .menu-toggle,
  .modal-overlay {
    display: none !important;
  }

  body {
    background: white;
  }

  .publication-card {
    break-inside: avoid;
  }
}

/* Reduced motion */
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  *,
  *::before,
  *::after {
    animation-duration: 0.01ms !important;
    animation-iteration-count: 1 !important;
    transition-duration: 0.01ms !important;
  }
}

/* ===== ENHANCEMENTS ===== */

/* Loading Spinner */
.loading-spinner {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  padding: var(--spacing-3xl);
  gap: var(--spacing-md);
}

.spinner {
  width: 48px;
  height: 48px;
  border: 4px solid var(--color-border);
  border-top-color: var(--color-primary);
  border-radius: 50%;
  animation: spin 1s linear infinite;
}

@keyframes spin {
  to {
    transform: rotate(360deg);
  }
}

.loading-spinner p {
  color: var(--color-text-medium);
  font-size: var(--font-size-sm);
}

/* Skeleton Loading */
.skeleton {
  background: linear-gradient(
    90deg,
    var(--color-border-light) 25%,
    var(--color-bg-light) 50%,
    var(--color-border-light) 75%
  );
  background-size: 200% 100%;
  animation: skeleton-loading 1.5s ease-in-out infinite;
  border-radius: var(--border-radius);
}

@keyframes skeleton-loading {
  0% {
    background-position: 200% 0;
  }
  100% {
    background-position: -200% 0;
  }
}

.skeleton-card {
  height: 380px;
  border-radius: var(--border-radius-lg);
}

.skeleton-text {
  height: 1rem;
  margin-bottom: var(--spacing-sm);
}

.skeleton-text.short {
  width: 60%;
}

/* Back to Top Button */
.back-to-top {
  position: fixed;
  bottom: var(--spacing-xl);
  right: var(--spacing-xl);
  width: 50px;
  height: 50px;
  background: linear-gradient(
    135deg,
    var(--color-primary) 0%,
    var(--color-secondary) 100%
  );
  border: none;
  border-radius: 50%;
  cursor: pointer;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
  opacity: 0;
  visibility: hidden;
  transform: translateY(20px);
  transition: all var(--transition-normal);
  z-index: 1500;
}

.back-to-top.visible {
  opacity: 1;
  visibility: visible;
  transform: translateY(0);
}

.back-to-top:hover {
  transform: translateY(-3px);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-xl);
}

.back-to-top svg {
  width: 24px;
  height: 24px;
  stroke: var(--color-text-dark);
}

/* Toast Notifications */
.toast-container {
  position: fixed;
  bottom: var(--spacing-xl);
  left: 50%;
  transform: translateX(-50%);
  z-index: 3000;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: var(--spacing-sm);
  pointer-events: none;
}

.toast {
  background: var(--color-text-dark);
  color: white;
  padding: var(--spacing-md) var(--spacing-xl);
  border-radius: var(--border-radius);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: var(--spacing-md);
  animation: toast-in 0.3s ease, toast-out 0.3s ease 2.7s forwards;
  pointer-events: auto;
}

.toast.success {
  background: var(--color-success);
}

.toast.error {
  background: var(--color-error);
}

.toast.warning {
  background: var(--color-warning);
}

@keyframes toast-in {
  from {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translateY(20px);
  }
  to {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translateY(0);
  }
}

@keyframes toast-out {
  from {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translateY(0);
  }
  to {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translateY(-20px);
  }
}

/* Card Animations */
.publication-card {
  animation: card-fade-in 0.5s ease forwards;
  opacity: 0;
}

.publication-card:nth-child(1) {
  animation-delay: 0.1s;
}
.publication-card:nth-child(2) {
  animation-delay: 0.2s;
}
.publication-card:nth-child(3) {
  animation-delay: 0.3s;
}
.publication-card:nth-child(4) {
  animation-delay: 0.4s;
}
.publication-card:nth-child(5) {
  animation-delay: 0.5s;
}
.publication-card:nth-child(6) {
  animation-delay: 0.6s;
}

@keyframes card-fade-in {
  from {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translateY(20px);
  }
  to {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translateY(0);
  }
}

/* Share & Action Buttons */
.publication-actions {
  display: flex;
  gap: var(--spacing-sm);
  margin-top: var(--spacing-sm);
}

.action-btn {
  width: 36px;
  height: 36px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  background: var(--color-bg-white);
  border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  border-radius: 50%;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: all var(--transition-normal);
  padding: 0;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.action-btn img {
  width: 16px;
  height: 16px;
  opacity: 0.7;
  transition: opacity var(--transition-normal),
    transform var(--transition-normal);
  filter: brightness(0) saturate(100%) invert(40%) sepia(8%) saturate(0%)
    hue-rotate(0deg) brightness(95%) contrast(90%);
}

.action-btn:hover {
  background: var(--color-accent);
  border-color: var(--color-accent);
  transform: scale(1.05);
  box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(46, 125, 50, 0.2);
}

.action-btn:hover img {
  opacity: 1;
  filter: brightness(0) invert(1);
  transform: scale(1.1);
}

.action-btn:active {
  transform: scale(0.95);
}

.action-btn[data-tooltip] {
  position: relative;
}

.action-btn[data-tooltip]::after {
  content: attr(data-tooltip);
  position: absolute;
  bottom: 100%;
  left: 50%;
  transform: translateX(-50%);
  background: var(--color-text-dark);
  color: white;
  padding: var(--spacing-xs) var(--spacing-sm);
  border-radius: 4px;
  font-size: var(--font-size-xs);
  white-space: nowrap;
  opacity: 0;
  visibility: hidden;
  transition: all var(--transition-fast);
  margin-bottom: var(--spacing-xs);
}

.action-btn:hover[data-tooltip]::after {
  opacity: 1;
  visibility: visible;
}

/* Reading Time Badge */
.reading-time {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: var(--spacing-xs);
  font-size: var(--font-size-xs);
  color: var(--color-text-light);
  background: var(--color-bg-light);
  padding: var(--spacing-xs) var(--spacing-sm);
  border-radius: 4px;
}

.reading-time::before {
  content: "";
  display: inline-block;
  width: 16px;
  height: 16px;
  background-image: url("../icons/book.svg");
  background-size: contain;
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
  background-position: center;
}

/* Image Lazy Loading */
.lazy-image {
  background: var(--color-bg-light);
  transition: opacity var(--transition-normal);
}

.lazy-image.loading {
  opacity: 0.5;
}

.lazy-image.loaded {
  opacity: 1;
}

/* Recently Viewed */
.recently-viewed {
  background: var(--color-bg-light);
  padding: var(--spacing-lg);
  border-radius: var(--border-radius-lg);
  margin-bottom: var(--spacing-xl);
}

.recently-viewed h4 {
  font-size: var(--font-size-sm);
  color: var(--color-text-light);
  margin-bottom: var(--spacing-md);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 1px;
}

.recently-viewed-list {
  display: flex;
  gap: var(--spacing-md);
  overflow-x: auto;
  padding-bottom: var(--spacing-sm);
}

.recently-viewed-item {
  flex-shrink: 0;
  padding: var(--spacing-sm) var(--spacing-md);
  background: var(--color-bg-white);
  border-radius: var(--border-radius);
  font-size: var(--font-size-sm);
  color: var(--color-text-medium);
  text-decoration: none;
  border: 1px solid var(--color-border-light);
  transition: all var(--transition-fast);
  max-width: 200px;
  white-space: nowrap;
  overflow: hidden;
  text-overflow: ellipsis;
}

.recently-viewed-item:hover {
  border-color: var(--color-primary);
  color: var(--color-primary);
  text-decoration: none;
}

/* Enhanced Modal */
.modal-share {
  display: flex;
  gap: var(--spacing-sm);
  margin-top: var(--spacing-lg);
  padding-top: var(--spacing-lg);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--color-border-light);
  align-items: center;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.modal-share-label {
  font-size: var(--font-size-sm);
  color: var(--color-text-light);
  margin-right: var(--spacing-sm);
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

/* Citation Box */
.citation-box {
  background: var(--color-bg-light);
  padding: var(--spacing-lg);
  padding-right: calc(var(--spacing-xl) + 72px);
  padding-top: calc(var(--spacing-lg) + 4px);
  border-radius: var(--border-radius);
  margin-top: var(--spacing-lg);
  position: relative;
}

.citation-box pre {
  font-size: var(--font-size-sm);
  color: var(--color-text-medium);
  white-space: pre-wrap;
  word-break: break-word;
  margin: 0;
  font-family: "Consolas", "Monaco", monospace;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.citation-copy {
  position: absolute;
  top: var(--spacing-sm);
  right: var(--spacing-sm);
  padding: 0.4rem 0.8rem;
  font-size: var(--font-size-sm);
  border-radius: var(--border-radius);
  border: 1px solid var(--color-border-light);
  background: var(--color-bg-white);
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.35rem;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
  z-index: 1;
}

/* Publication Stats */
.pub-stats {
  display: flex;
  gap: var(--spacing-lg);
  margin-top: var(--spacing-md);
  padding-top: var(--spacing-md);
  border-top: 1px dashed var(--color-border-light);
}

.pub-stat {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: var(--spacing-xs);
  font-size: var(--font-size-xs);
  color: var(--color-text-light);
}

/* Tags */
.publication-tags {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: var(--spacing-xs);
  margin-top: var(--spacing-sm);
}

.tag {
  padding: 2px 8px;
  background: var(--color-bg-light);
  border-radius: 12px;
  font-size: var(--font-size-xs);
  color: var(--color-text-medium);
  transition: all var(--transition-fast);
}

.tag:hover {
  background: var(--color-primary);
  color: var(--color-text-dark);
}

/* Empty State */
.empty-state {
  text-align: center;
  padding: var(--spacing-3xl);
  color: var(--color-text-medium);
}

.empty-state-icon {
  font-size: 64px;
  margin-bottom: var(--spacing-lg);
  opacity: 0.5;
}

.empty-state h3 {
  margin-bottom: var(--spacing-sm);
  color: var(--color-text-dark);
}

/* Improved Focus States */
*:focus-visible {
  outline: 2px solid var(--color-primary);
  outline-offset: 2px;
}

/* Navigation links use box-shadow instead of outline to prevent shift */
.nav-link:focus-visible,
.dropdown-link:focus-visible {
  outline: none;
}

/* Active/Pressed States */
.btn:active {
  transform: scale(0.98);
}

.publication-card:active {
  transform: translateY(-2px);
}

/* Selection Styles */
::selection {
  background: var(--color-secondary);
  color: var(--color-text-dark);
}

/* Smooth Page Transitions */
.page-transition-enter {
  opacity: 0;
  transform: translateY(10px);
}

.page-transition-active {
  opacity: 1;
  transform: translateY(0);
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

/* Filter Pills */
.filter-pills {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: var(--spacing-sm);
  margin-bottom: var(--spacing-lg);
}

.filter-pill {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: var(--spacing-xs);
  padding: var(--spacing-xs) var(--spacing-md);
  background: var(--color-bg-light);
  border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
  border-radius: 20px;
  font-size: var(--font-size-sm);
  color: var(--color-text-medium);
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: all var(--transition-fast);
}

.filter-pill:hover,
.filter-pill.active {
  background: var(--color-primary);
  border-color: var(--color-primary);
  color: var(--color-text-dark);
}

.filter-pill .remove {
  display: none;
  margin-left: var(--spacing-xs);
}

.filter-pill.active .remove {
  display: inline;
}

/* Notification Badge */
.notification-badge {
  position: absolute;
  top: -5px;
  right: -5px;
  width: 20px;
  height: 20px;
  background: var(--color-error);
  color: white;
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 600;
  border-radius: 50%;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
}

/* Pulse Animation for New Items */
.pulse {
  animation: pulse 2s infinite;
}

@keyframes pulse {
  0%,
  100% {
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 0 rgba(255, 159, 28, 0.4);
  }
  50% {
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 10px rgba(255, 159, 28, 0);
  }
}

/* Gradient Text */
.gradient-text {
  background: linear-gradient(
    135deg,
    var(--color-primary) 0%,
    var(--color-accent) 100%
  );
  -webkit-background-clip: text;
  -webkit-text-fill-color: transparent;
  background-clip: text;
}

/* Responsive Enhancement for Desktop */
@media (min-width: 769px) {
  .menu-toggle {
    display: none;
  }

  .main-nav {
    position: static;
    transform: none;
    opacity: 1;
    visibility: visible;
    background: transparent;
    padding: 0;
    box-shadow: none;
  }

  .nav-list {
    flex-direction: row;
  }
}

/* ===== RESEARCH DETAIL PAGE ===== */
.breadcrumb-section {
  background: var(--color-bg-light);
  padding: var(--spacing-md) 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border-light);
}

.breadcrumb {
  font-size: var(--font-size-sm);
}

.breadcrumb-list {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  gap: var(--spacing-xs);
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

.breadcrumb-item {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  color: var(--color-text-medium);
}

.breadcrumb-item:not(:last-child)::after {
  content: ">";
  margin: 0 var(--spacing-sm);
  color: var(--color-text-light);
}

.breadcrumb-item a {
  color: var(--color-accent);
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: color var(--transition-fast);
}

.breadcrumb-item a:hover {
  color: var(--color-accent-light);
  text-decoration: underline;
}

.breadcrumb-current span {
  color: var(--color-text-dark);
  font-weight: 500;
}

.research-detail-section {
  padding: var(--spacing-2xl) 0;
  background: var(--color-bg-white);
}

.research-loading,
.research-error {
  text-align: center;
  padding: var(--spacing-3xl) var(--spacing-lg);
}

.research-loading .loading-spinner {
  width: 48px;
  height: 48px;
  border: 4px solid var(--color-border-light);
  border-top-color: var(--color-accent);
  border-radius: 50%;
  animation: spin 1s linear infinite;
  margin: 0 auto var(--spacing-lg);
}

.research-error h2 {
  color: var(--color-error);
  margin-bottom: var(--spacing-md);
}

.research-detail {
  max-width: 960px;
  margin: 0 auto 0 0; /* slight left bias while keeping balance */
  padding-right: var(--spacing-lg);
}

.research-header {
  margin-bottom: var(--spacing-2xl);
  padding-bottom: var(--spacing-xl);
  border-bottom: 2px solid var(--color-border-light);
}

.research-badges {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: var(--spacing-sm);
  margin-bottom: var(--spacing-lg);
}

.research-title {
  font-size: clamp(1.75rem, 4vw, 2.5rem);
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.2;
  color: var(--color-text-dark);
  margin-bottom: var(--spacing-lg);
}

.research-meta {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: var(--spacing-lg);
  font-size: var(--font-size-base);
  color: var(--color-text-medium);
}

.research-meta-item {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: var(--spacing-xs);
}

.research-meta-label {
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--color-text-dark);
}

.research-meta-value {
  color: var(--color-text-medium);
}

.research-thumbnail-container {
  margin-bottom: var(--spacing-2xl);
  border-radius: var(--border-radius-lg);
  overflow: hidden;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
}

.research-thumbnail {
  width: 100%;
  height: 400px;
  object-fit: cover;
  display: block;
}

.research-thumbnail-placeholder {
  width: 100%;
  height: 400px;
  background: linear-gradient(
    135deg,
    var(--color-secondary-light) 0%,
    var(--color-bg-green-light) 100%
  );
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  color: var(--color-text-medium);
  font-size: var(--font-size-lg);
}

.research-body {
  margin-bottom: var(--spacing-2xl);
}

.research-summary {
  margin-bottom: var(--spacing-2xl);
}

.section-heading {
  font-size: var(--font-size-2xl);
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--color-accent);
  margin-bottom: var(--spacing-lg);
  padding-bottom: var(--spacing-sm);
  border-bottom: 2px solid var(--color-accent-lighter);
}

.research-text {
  font-size: var(--font-size-base);
  line-height: 1.8;
  color: var(--color-text-dark);
  margin-bottom: var(--spacing-md);
}

.research-text p {
  margin-bottom: var(--spacing-md);
}

.research-footer {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: var(--spacing-md);
  padding-top: var(--spacing-xl);
  border-top: 2px solid var(--color-border-light);
  align-items: center;
}

.research-footer .btn {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
}

.research-footer .btn img {
  margin-right: var(--spacing-xs);
}

/* Responsive adjustments for research detail */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .research-detail-section {
    padding: var(--spacing-xl) 0;
  }

  .research-header {
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-xl);
    padding-bottom: var(--spacing-lg);
  }

  .research-title {
    font-size: var(--font-size-2xl);
  }

  .research-meta {
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: var(--spacing-sm);
  }

  .research-thumbnail,
  .research-thumbnail-placeholder {
    height: 250px;
  }

  .research-footer {
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: stretch;
  }

  .research-footer .btn {
    width: 100%;
    justify-content: center;
  }

  .breadcrumb-list {
    font-size: var(--font-size-xs);
  }

  /* Re-center detail on small screens */
  .research-detail {
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding-right: 0;
  }
}

/* High Contrast Mode */
@media (prefers-contrast: high) {
  :root {
    --color-border: #000000;
    --color-text-medium: #333333;
  }

  .btn {
    border-width: 3px;
  }
}